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//-->Miguel Illescas:Damiano´s mateKnowledge of the basic mate structures is essentialto improve your play. This article is intended to helpplayers in the range 1600-2200 elo rating.This is the basic final position of the mate that weshall discuss in this article.XIIIIIIIIY9-+-+-trk+09+-+-+-zpQ09-+-+-+P+09+-+-+-+-09-+-+-+-+09+-+K+-+-09-+-+-+-+09+-+-+-+-0xiiiiiiiiyBasic Damiano´s mate positionCheck out the key elements that take part: themating side has the queen and the pawn, while theplayer receiving mate is castled and the escapesquare is occupied, in this case by a rook.There may be small variations, for example insteadof a rook – which is the most common case – wemay on occasions find a bishop obstructing theescape route of the king, or the escape square mightbe free but the flight to the center may not be verysafe.All these considerations and many others will beexamined in depth in this article, with specificexamples.Let us start with the following diagram, featuringthe position that appears in the original work of thePortuguese player Damiano, published in 1512under the title «Questo libro e da impare giocare ascachi et de la partite»XIIIIIIIIY9-+-+qtrk+09+-+-+-zp-09-+-+-zpP+09+-+-+-+-09-+-+-+-+09+-+-+-+-09-m+-+P+-+09+-+Q+R+R0xiiiiiiiiyDamiano: mate en five movesKeeping in mind the basic mating position that wesaw in the first diagram it isn´t difficult to find thewinning combination, featuring a double rooksacrifice:1.Th8! Kh8 2.Th1 Kg8 3.Th8 Kh8 4.Dh1 Kg85.Dh7 mate.Not bad for 1512!By the way, Damiano places the pawn on 'e2' so thewhite queen can´t move to the kingside using the'h5' square, and therefore his intention is that thedouble rook sacrifice must be forced to achieve themate. Although it is irrelevant for our purpose,1.Dd5 will also mate in five moves: 1...Tf7 2.gf7Df7 3.Th8! Kh8 4.Df7, followed by 5. Th1 mate.In modern practice we can find games in which themating mechanism indicated by Damiano isexecuted following the original script faithfully.Baburin A. : Adianto U.Liechtenstein 1993XIIIIIIIIY9q+r+k+-tr09+l+-+pzp-09p+-+psn-zp09zP-vl-+-+-09-zp-+P+-+09+-+L+-+-09-zP-sNQzPPzP09tR-vL-+RmK-0xiiiiiiiiy1FIDE SURVEYS – Miguel Illescas18.Kh1 h5!?Black decides to attack from an equal position. Thesolid alternative was 18...0–0.19.f3 h4XIIIIIIIIY9q+r+k+-tr09+l+-+pzp-09p+-+psn-+09zP-vl-+-+-09-zp-+P+-zp09+-+L+P+-09-zP-sNQ+PzP09tR-vL-+R+K0xiiiiiiiiy20.Sc4?As we shall soon see this move is a mistake. Also20.Sb3? Sh5! 21.Sc5 Sg3 22.hg3 hg3 23.Kg1 Tc5with the idea of doubling rooks would also be bad.The knight had to be brought over to defend thecastled king: 20.Td1! Sh5 21.Sf1! and now if21...Sg3?! 22.Sg3 hg3 23.h3 White has a firm grip.20...Sh5! 21.Le3 Sg3!Remember that this knight sacrifice can be seenfrequently in connection with the Damiano matingpattern.XIIIIIIIIY9q+r+-+-tr09+l+-mkpzp-09p+-+p+-+09zP-vl-+-+-09-zpN+P+-+09+-+LvLPzp-09-zP-+Q+P+09tR-+-+RmK-0xiiiiiiiiyThe king had the key! The black queen, whichseemed to be so far away from the opponentscastled king, will follow the route a8-h8-h2,winning the game.24.De1 Th1! 0:1.This mate is also seen frequently on the queenside.Palacios E. : Visier F.Malaga 1971XIIIIIIIIY9q+r+k+-tr09+l+-+pzp-09p+-+p+-+09zP-vl-+-+-09-zpN+P+-zp09+-+LvLPsn-09-zP-+Q+PzP09tR-+-+R+K0xiiiiiiiiy22.hg3 hg3 23.Kg1 Ke7!XIIIIIIIIY9nmk-+-tr-tr09zpp+-vl-zpp09-+-+q+-+09zPPzppzPpzP-09-+-zP-+-zP09+-zP-+Q+-09-tR-+-+-+09tR-vL-mKL+-0xiiiiiiiiyWhite has a clear advantage and therefore it wasn´tstrange that Ernesto Palacios, a strong player fromSeville, achieved the victory in a few moves.24.b6! ab6In order to keep the king safe, 24...a6 waspreferable, blocking the queenside. However, inthat case the knight on 'a8' will practically be a pieceless for Black.25.ab6 Tc8The desirable 25...Sb6 doesn´t work because of26.Tab1 Ld8 27.dc5 winning.2FIDE SURVEYS – Miguel IllescasXIIIIIIIIY9nmkr+-+-tr09+p+-vl-zpp09-zP-+q+-+09+-zppzPpzP-09-+-zP-+-zP09+-zP-+Q+-09-tR-+-+-+09tR-vL-mKL+-0xiiiiiiiiyBlack´s position is very difficult and with this movethe Damiano style finish is allowed.26.Ta8! Ka8 27.Dd1!White´s queen is like a shark smelling blood.27...Dc6 28.Lf4!While the black king is trapped in the mouse hole,his hard-working queen can´t cope with all thework: by covering the check on 'a4' she has stoppedblocking the advance e5–e6, and White takesadvantage of this immediately.28...Tce8 29.Da1 Kb8 30.e6and Black resigned because of the forced sequence:30...Ld6 31.Da7 Kc8 32.Da8 Lb8 33.Db8 mate.But one must be cautious and calculate withprecision before sacrificing the rook. Pay attentionto the drama that occurred in the following game.Rumiancev G. : Prokuronov E.Russia 1996Black seems to be having some trouble but bychoosing an active line he tries to get back into thegame.28...Lh3!A brave decision which leads to interestingcomplications. The bishop is untouchable becauseof the attacked enemy knight on 'f3'.If instead Black had opted for a solid move such as28...Kb8 he would have found himself in quite anuncomfortable position, for example: 29.Lg5(29.a6!? might have been an attacking option forWhite) 29...Lg5 30.Sg5 Sc5 31.Sc5 Dc5 32.Tb2 andWhite´s game is clearly preferable .29.Sb6!White reacts energetically and sacrifices a piece inorder to attack the queenside with his major pieces.The black queen can´t allow the exchange on 'd7',which would take away the pressure on 'f3', so thewhite knight must be eliminated. The question iswhether to capture with the knight or with the pawn.29...ab6?Black becomes too ambitious and decides to go forthe material advantage. Blocking the queenside with29...Sb6 30.ab6 a6 was more sensible.30.ab6 Kb8XIIIIIIIIY9k+-+-tr-tr09zpp+nvl-zp-09-+q+p+-+09zP-zP-zPl+p09N+-zp-+-+09+-+P+N+P09R+PvL-+P+09+-+-wQR+K0xiiiiiiiiyFIDE SURVEYS – Miguel IllescasXIIIIIIIIY9-mk-+-tr-tr09+p+nvl-zp-09-zPq+p+-+09+-zP-zP-+p09-+-zp-+-+09+-+P+N+l09R+PvL-+P+09+-+-wQR+K0xiiiiiiiiy31.Ta8??Everyone has gone through the same sensation asthis player at some moment.31...Ka8And now you realize that you have to resign, asafter 32.Da1 Kb8 33.Da7 Kc8 34.Da8 Black plays34...Sb8! and White ends up with a huge materialdisadvantage.However, the sacrifice on 'b6' was correct, as after31.Da1! Kc8 32.Ta8 Sb8 33.Kh2! White achieves aclear advantage capturing the bishop, as if it retreats3with 33...Lg4? White mates by means of 34.Tb8Kb8 35.Da7 Kc8 36.Sd4 Dd5 37.c6! winning.The following example features the Bayonet Attackas the necessary prelude for the Damiano mate.Nyback T. : Ladva O.Estonia 2010XIIIIIIIIY9r+-+-+-+09zppwq-vl-zpk09-+-+-+p+09+-sn-+-+-09-+Lzp-+-+09+-+-+-+-09PzPQvL-trPzP09+K+R+-+R0xiiiiiiiiy22.h4! Dc6?A big mistake. The correct plan was to close thediagonal c2–g6. After 22...Td8 23.h5 d3! 24.hg6Kg6 Black survives.23.h5 d3An improvised solution that won´t solve the blackking´s problems. Black was probably consideringthe exchange of queens with 23...De4 but after24.hg6 Kg6 25.De4 Se4 26.Ld3 the knight iscondemned.24.Ld3 Sd3 25.Dd3 Td8Also insufficient is 25...Kg8 26.hg6 Lf6 27.Db3 andthe attack develops on the diagonal.26.hg6 Kg8And we have the pawn on g6. The rest is easy, wejust have to make sure that the black king can´tescape to the queenside.27.Th8! Kh8 28.Dh3 Lh4A hopeless sacrifice to find an escape square.29.Dh4 Kg8 30.Dh7!Not falling for the vulgar 30.Df230...Kf8 31.Lb4And Black was forced to resign. A very instructiveexample.And in the last example, we shall learn the maindefensive procedures against this mate.Aseev K. : Turtiainen T.Helsinki 2002XIIIIIIIIY9-+ktr-+-tr09+lwq-+-+-09p+-+n+p+09+p+-+P+-09-+-+L+p+09zP-sN-+-+-09-zPPvL-+P+09tR-+-wQRmK-0xiiiiiiiiy23...g3?Black is captivated by the possibility of giving theDamiano mate (now he is threatening 24... Th1!),but as we shall see White has enough defense.The correct plan would have been to extract theenemy king from the security of his castled positionwith 23...Dh2 24.Kf2 g3! This way the white king inthe center will be harassed of the enemy pieces,specially the black queen. In this variation, after25.Ke3 the following position appears on the board.XIIIIIIIIY9-+-tr-+k+09zpp+-vl-zp-09-+q+-+P+09+-+-+-+-09-+-+-+-+09+-+Q+-+-09PzP-vL-trP+09+K+R+-+R0xiiiiiiiiyFIDE SURVEYS – Miguel IllescasXIIIIIIIIY9-+ktr-+-tr09+l+-+-+-09p+-+n+p+09+p+-+P+-09-+-+L+-+09zP-sN-mK-zp-09-zPPvL-+Pwq09tR-+-wQR+-0xiiiiiiiiy4And now Black can initiate an instructive laddermanoeuvre, quite unusual with so many pieces inplay. 25...Dh6! 26.Ke2 Dh5 27.Ke3 Forced. (Thething is that after 27.Lf3 Sd4 28.Kd1 Lf3 29.gf3 g2Black wins easily.) 27...Dg5 28.Ke2 Dg4 29.Ke3Le4 30.Se4 gf5 and the attack is decisive.Let´s go back to the game. Play continued with24.Lb7 Kb8EXERCISESBarua D. : Kumaran B.Mumbai 2009XIIIIIIIIY9-mk-tr-+-tr09+Lwq-+-+-09p+-+n+p+09+p+-+P+-09-+-+-+-+09zP-sN-+-zp-09-zPPvL-+P+09tR-+-wQRmK-0xiiiiiiiiyConsecuent with his strategy. If 24...Kb7 25.De4Kb8 26.Lf4 White obtains a huge advantage easily.25.Tf3!This move offers White an escape route via f1–e2.25...Sd4Insisting on the same idea, the control of e2.26.Le3!And after this movement the bishop can cover on g1an eventual check from the black queen. Black´sattack has failed and the next moves just certify thisverdict.26...Th1 27.Kh1 Dh7 28.Kg1 Dh2 29.Kf1 Kb7As we indicated earlier on after 29...Dh1 30.Lg1there is no mate and Black ends up with ascandalous material disadvantage.30.Ld4 Td4 31.De7 Kc8 32.Se2 1:0.Of course, we could show you many more examplesthat deal with this mating pattern, but instead, hereare a few exercices for you to solve. Try out yourknowledge and tactical skills, both in defense andon the attack.XIIIIIIIIY9-tr-+-+-mk09wq-+-+-zp-09-zp-zp-+Pzp09+-zpNsn-+-09-zP-+P+-+09+-+P+-+-09-+PwQ-+-tR09+-+-+-mK-0xiiiiiiiiyTo access the black king on h-file White is forced tosacrifice his rook. Is the sacrifice correct?Eljanov P. : Wang YueMoscow Aeroflot 2005XIIIIIIIIY9r+-+qtrk+09+p+-+pzp-09-+-+p+P+09zp-+pzPn+-09-+-zP-+Q+09+-+-zP-+R09PzP-vL-+P+09+-+-+RmK-0xiiiiiiiiyEven at the highest level we can find situations inwhich the Damiano mate can appear on the board.Can you identify the diagram position as one ofthem?FIDE SURVEYS – Miguel Illescas5 [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]